A skillful negotiator, Ramaphosa clinched a deal with the opposition, the white-led Democratic Alliance, and at least two smaller parties, according to DA and other party officials, as the National Assembly held its first sitting since the election and prepared to elect a head of state.
That will allow him to remain president and survive – at least for now – the huge drop in support for the ANC when it lost its parliamentary majority in the May 29 election.
But Ramaphosa, 71, emerged weakened from the vote, and some political analysts have questioned whether he can serve a full second five-year term.
The ANC won just 40 per cent of the vote, meaning Nelson Mandela’s legacy liberation movement has had to negotiate a power-sharing agreement with rival parties for the first time in 30 years.
As parliament convened on Friday, the DA said it had signed a deal for a unity government with the ANC.
The socially conservative Inkatha Freedom Party and the right-wing Patriotic Alliance had previously confirmed that they would also join the coalition.
Details of the deal were still unclear, aside from that the DA would receive the position of deputy speaker of parliament.
The ANC still has the largest number of seats in the National Assembly, but Ramaphosa may have to make significant policy concessions to political adversaries or cede senior cabinet positions.
After the vote, former union leader-turned-businessman Ramaphosa – Mandela’s lead negotiator in talks to end apartheid – received the backing of top ANC officials to stay on.
But his party is deeply divided, and some of Ramaphosa’s party rivals may not have buried the hatchet for long.
Ramaphosa’s future as president had hung in the balance before.
A panel report found in 2022 that he may have committed misconduct over a stash of cash stuffed into furniture at his game farm.
He denied wrongdoing over that scandal, dubbed “Farmgate”, and won a new five-year term as ANC leader later that year.
But last month’s election, in which the ANC’s vote share slumped because of voter anger over issues such as high unemployment, crime, and crippling power cuts, could pose an even bigger challenge.
Ramaphosa was elected ANC leader in late 2017 on a pledge to clean up the party’s image and revitalise the economy after nine years of scandal, sleaze, and economic decline under his predecessor, Jacob Zuma.
But an initial wave of euphoria when he became head of state in 2018 faded quickly.
More than six years on, the economy remains stagnant and scandals still swirl around top ANC officials.
The decisive blow in last month’s election was struck by Ramaphosa’s nemesis Zuma, whose new party uMkhonto we Sizwe outperformed expectations and made a big dent in ANC support, especially in Zuma’s home province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).
Ramaphosa has been criticised for appearing to prevaricate on crucial reforms to avoid exacerbating rifts in his party – a far cry from the decisiveness he showed as a union leader in the 1980s.
His supporters, however, applaud his consensus-building skills and his role in advancing South Africa’s reputation as a champion of the so-called “Global South”, shorthand for a group of low- and middle-income countries.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ramaphosa was one of the most prominent voices globally calling for fairer distribution of vaccines.
More recently, South Africa filed a genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice, leading judges to rule last month that Israel must halt its military assault on the Gaza city of Rafah.
Israel has rejected the allegations and pressed on with its offensive in Rafah.
On the campaign trail, Ramaphosa sought to play up the ANC’s successes over the last 30 years, but critics say he has offered little in the way of new solutions to South Africa’s biggest challenges.
After the vote, he urged parties to bridge their ideological and racial divisions for the good of the country.
“South Africans expect the parties for which they have voted to find common ground, overcome their differences, and act together for the good of everyone.
That’s what South Africans have said,” he declared.
